The Federal Highway Act of 1956 free essay sample

This paper talks about the job that the Federal Highway Act of 1956 played in assisting with figuring out what shape America would assume control in the course of the last 50% of the twentieth century. This paper looks at the biggest open works task of now is the right time, the Federal Highway Act of 1956. The paper takes a gander at the verifiable occasions that hinted at President Eisenhowers marking of the Act. It at that point proceeds to examine the positive effect that it would have on the U.S. economy, taking a gander at such themes as business, land advancement, travel, retail rivalry and lower purchaser costs and cargo costs. The paper at that point analyzes the negative effect the Act would have on the economy taking a gander at such territories as mass travel, mass movement, travel and air contamination. The last are that the paper manages is the social effect. The creator feels that dependent on their investigation of the Act, it had an on a very basic level positive effect in forming America in the course of recent years. We will compose a custom paper test on The Federal Highway Act of 1956 or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The development of this framework has furnished Americans with access to important land, which supported development and improvement of land including private, modern and business. Private properties made because of the interstate framework frequently comes as single-family homes. Everywhere throughout the nation local locations run close by interstate roadways. The framework has made an assortment of business advancement including side of the road organizations, for example, inns and eateries. The interstate framework additionally supported in the improvement of mechanical properties including atomic force plants.

Research Design Methods and Applications Academic Accountants

Question: Talk about the Research Design Methods and Applications for Academic Accountants? Answer: Presentation Leading an exploration on a scholarly subject or on any person is troublesome as it includes incredible endeavors to accumulate suitable information and present the examination in a fitting just as in a moral way. There are some normal moral issues to be considered by the specialists, for example, information insurance, deception and compelling investment of the respondents, by making any understanding or agreement. This specific research features the genuine instance of leading a dishonest research that will be summed up alongside recognizing the exploitative elements of the exploration and changes in the outcome saw. The second piece of the examination is to set an exploration theme and set a theory on the subject. Picking a case of Unethical Research In the wake of experiencing various cases and studies, a case of mental research has been decided to continue with this task. It has been seen that in this specific research the respondents were made to sign an agreement expressing that ebb and flow will be gone through them as electric stuns and an electric wire was associated with 30 switch comforts (www.sagepub.com, 2016). Research Summarization The exploration model taken for this task is the mental test directed on individuals by giving stun so as to test their cerebrum - power. The individual picked for the analysis experienced electrical stun meetings that expanded with each snap of the electric switches. In any case, the analysts said that due to pre-introduced adjustments in the machines the odds of damage are nearly less, yet may bring about transitory wounds (Hodge, 2012). The individuals showing up for the examination needed to peruse a few words and afterward needed to rehash these words while encountering the stun meetings. The stun levels were set apart in the parameters like slight stun to extreme stun and the experimenter continued expanding the stun levels and even denied to remove the individual from the meeting (Bailey, 2012). The experimenter coercively kept these people by expressing, It was obligatory to proceed with the trial to the end level. The test was named as Obedience Experiments and greater part of the respondents needed to consent in a specific way of stun level. In any case, the specialists appended with these investigations asserted that the motivation behind this examination was to infer several results: To see if individuals obeys position to the ideal level. To discover or rather to present moral factors in leading examination and assess the pondering relating morals with dutifulness and authority (Rosner Markowitz, 2012). Clarifying the unscrupulous variables This specific dutifulness test was directed quite a while in the past during the hour of World War by applying syphilis to test their physical capacity to withstand radiations brought about by nuclear bombs or some other radiations. The after consequence of this test was very frightening, as members needed to experience clinical tests to recuperate from the impacts (Bell, 2014). The unscrupulous issues of this investigation is that the respondents needed to confront life hazards in the event of any electrical mishaps as no prompt clinical offices were referenced to be available at the test spot. In spite of the fact that the respondents referenced the degree of stun that they need to confront, they were not saved on the off chance that they needed to move out from the test in the middle. Consequently, the dishonest issues were absence of security and regard for the respondents, advantage and defended on the grounds that the dangers were not genuinely disseminated among the respondent s (Bailey, 2014). Clarifying the adjustments in results The whole case features that dominant part of the grown-up respondents couldn't bear the stun level in spite of having a reasonable thought regarding it. The broadly useful was to test the acquiescence and quality of memory, which changed to wellbeing dangers (Nardi, 2015). Consequently, toward the end, the Department of Health and Human Services named this test as precluded and presented separate testing standards. Choosing the Research Topic The theme picked in regards to authoritative issue is Do you thing that contribution of universal style brands like Zara and Primark with Rana Plaza (Bangladesh) is an untrustworthy business practice? Speculation Setting H0: The business connection between Rana Plaza and worldwide brands like Zara and Primark is dishonest H1: The business connection between Rana Plaza and global brands like Zara and Primark isn't unscrupulous End The whole examination uncovers that it is the obligation of the specialists to guarantee wellbeing and security of the respondents and inevitably should exclude them into any analyses that may hazard lives of individuals even with trade of any resources. Indeed, even if there should arise an occurrence of directing any scholastic research, the analyst must do the exploration dependably and ought not damage any outcome or present the reaction got from the respondents. References Bailey, C. D. (2014). Psychopathy, Academic Accountants' Attitudes toward Unethical Research Practices, and Publication Success.The Accounting Review,90(4), 1307-1332. Bailey, N., (2012). Approach dependent on exploitative research.Poverty and Social Exclusion. Chime, J. (2014).Doing Your Research Project: A guide for first-time specialists. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Morals in Research. (2016). Recovered 21 February 2016, from https://www.sagepub.com/destinations/default/records/upm-pairs/46055_Pages_from_Chambliss_(4e)_Chapter_3.pdf Hodge, F.S., (2012). No important conciliatory sentiment for American Indian unscrupulous research abuses.Ethics Behavior,22(6), pp.431-444. Nardi, P. M. (2015).Doing review look into. Routledge. Rosner, D., Markowitz, G. (2012). With the best goals: lead investigate and the test to open health.American diary of open health,102(11), e19-e33.

Norse Mythology in Modern Culture Essay

Amon Amarth is one of the most unmitigatedly Norse Mythological metal groups in presence. Truth be told, they are most likely the main band on the planet that is this intently attached to Norse Mythology. Everything from their collection names, to their tune titles, to the verses inserted in the terrible fierceness of their quick paced melodic guitar riffs, shouts Odin, Thor, Loki and the various divine beings and characters talked about in the adventures and stories went from age to age through both composed and vocal techniques. In evident adventure style, with the oral custom of the most antiquated foundations and people groups in the Nordic district, they sing the accounts of the Eddas and send recognition to the divine beings long after the hour of their superbness. The early on collection from Amon Amarth, entitled Sorrow Throughout the Nine Worlds, has a wide range of references to the divine beings Odin, Loki and Baldr all through the collection. One of the more clear references is from the tune â€Å"Sorrow Throughout the Nine Worlds†, which alludes to the widespread sobbing from the story Baldr’s Dreams in the Poetic Edda by Snorri Sturluson. In Baldr’s Dreams, Baldr, the second of Odin’s children, fantasies about biting the dust and the Aesir are so upset by this that they send Odin down to Hel to make sense of the importance of the fantasies. Along these lines, he is in certainty killed by the hand of his visually impaired sibling Hod, encouraged by Loki and the lance he formed out of mistletoe. Following the passing, Hermod goes on a mission to return Baldr to the domain of the living. He meets with Hel, little girl of Loki and leader of Niflheim, and, after much arguing, she makes an arrangement with him expr essing that just if â€Å"all things, living and dead, will sob for him†(Lindow), will he have the option to come back to the place that is known for the Aesir. The principal melody on the collection shares the collection title and spreads out Baldr’s Dreams in a cutting edge graceful manner that is likewise exceedingly substantial metal. The verses play out the fantasy and afterward the noteworthy of the offender, Loki, as follows: â€Å"Nightmares, evil presences frequent my provoked brain, I’m terrified, my death’s predicted ungloryful. It would be ideal if you Father cause my devils to vanish, kindly Mother, passing is everywhere.† †¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The fiendish power around us despite everything needs to obliterate me. Who is the underhanded slayer, I can't see? Loki, the tricky God, find the bolt of death. Pointed for the Hod the visually impaired by the envious Loki the bolt sliced through the skin and into the core of the brilliant one. Quietne ss spread all through the lobby Aesir as the God of Light tumbled to his knees kicking the bucket! Distress all through the nine universes the splendid God is gone, sent to Niflheim by the deceitful†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dark Lyrics) When taking a gander at the first story and the verses, the association is horrendously self-evident. The resulting collections are entitled, Once Sent from the Golden Hall, The Avenger, The Crusher, Versus the World, Fate of Norns, With Odin On Our Side, Twilight of the Thunder God and Surtur Rising. When Sent from the Golden Hall is an indication to Valhall and the extraordinary corridors of the numerous Aesir. The Avenger, The Crusher and Twilight of the Thunder God are alluding to Thor who is usually known all through Norse Mythology and Nordic narratives as the divine force of thunder. Versus the World is about Ragnarok, the epic approaching fight between the universe of the Aesir and the universe of mammoths crashing to decide the eventual fate of the universe. Destiny of the Norns is clear as crystal. The Norns in Norse Mythology are the determiners of the destiny of everything in presence. With Odin on Our Side is another Ragnarok reference of sorts in that two or three tunes on the collection discuss battling on Odin’s side during the incredible fight to end record-br eaking. In conclusion, Surtur Rising is about the ascent of the mammoths directly before the beginning of Ragnarok. Surtur, or Sutr as it is spelled in the Eddas, is the last rival of Freyr during the skirmish of Ragnarok. He weilds his monster blade that has a sparkle so splendid that none can view it without a squint as depicted in both the Poetic Edda (Voluspa) and the Prose Edda (Gylfaginning). Not exclusively does Amon Amarth work superbly of handing-off the narratives from the Eddas and the Sagas as the relate to the divine beings, yet they additionally portray the entirety of the characters that go about as help to, and furthermore those made to estrange, the divine beings. Odin’s Ravens, Hugin and Munin, are referenced in the melody called â€Å"As Long As The Raven Flies† which says that the â€Å"sky has a place with Asagods as long as the raven flies†. (Dull Lyrics) â€Å"Risen From the Sea 2000† is about the Midgard Serpent expressing that when â€Å"He’s ascended from the ocean. The monsters of damnation are here. Come to lead the world. What's more, you will be in fire.† (Dark Lyrics) Skoll, the wolf interminably pursuing the sun until Ragnarok, when he is at long last ready to get and eat up it, is referenced in the melody, â€Å"†¦And Soon the World Will Cease to Be†, when it is stated, â€Å"Across the west ern sky he runs, a wolf so horrid and mean, eats up the unceasing sun, and soon the world will stop to be.†(Dark Lyrics) One last case of the consideration of the considerable number of components of the folklore is the intensity of Thor’s hammer, Mjollnir, which is alluded to and obtrusively referenced different occasions all through the entirety of the collections they have put out up right up 'til today. Adventitiously, the quantity of collections they have out so far happens to be nine. The number nine is a sacrosanct number in Norse Mythology and different legends around the globe. In Norse Mythology there are nine universes; Asgard, Alfheim, Vanaheim, Midgard, Jotenheim, Svartalfheim , Nidavellir, Muspelheim and Niflheim. Skadi, the â€Å"snow-shoe-god† and her better half Njord, leader of â€Å"the movement of the wind†(Lindow), would go through nine days in the mountains at her home and afterward go through nine days at his home by the ocean, proce eding with the nine pattern. In Ragnarok, Thor is battling the Midgard Serpent and as he is occupied with fight with the snake, he is struck by it. While he is kicking the bucket, he makes nine last strides before tumbling to his downfall. A last case of this obsession with nine, and maybe the most significant model, is the nine days that Odin spent swinging from Yggdrasil to pick up information and force. Amon Amarth’s melodious frenzy in â€Å"Thousand Years of Oppression† recounts to the narrative of Odin’s penance to himself as follows: â€Å"He held tight the desolate world tree whose roots nobody knows, for nine entire days he hung there pierced, by Gugnir, his lance. Swimming in torment, he looked into the profundities and shouted out in desolation. Connecting he got a handle on the runes before falling back from the void. He gave himself unto himself in a universe of shearing torment. Go that we as a whole may live our lives by the knowledge that he gai ned.† â€Å"The Fate of Norns† is a brilliant illustration of how the band additionally coordinates their own lives into the fantasies that they continually, and reliably, reference in the entirety of their music. This melody depicts a grieving of the passing of a child of just six years of age that was the main possibility of proceeding with the inheritance of the father’s name. In the tune the verses express that â€Å"the destiny of Norns anticipate all of us it is extremely unlikely to get away from the day to answer Odin’s call or stroll through Hel’s gate.† The Norns â€Å"established laws, they picked lives for the offspring of the individuals, destinies of men†, which means they were associated with the fortune of each man’s life, or demise as it might be. (Lindow) Ragnarok, the last hoorah for the universe of the Aesir and the divine beings themselves, is a tremendous effect on the melodic flavorings of one of the most incredibly fierce, but then melodically satisfying, metal groups in presence. Okay anticipate anything less? Hailing from Sweden, one of the metal capitals of the world, Amon Amarth is one of the most Norse fancifully slanted groups on the planet. They utilize Norse folklore in each part of their music and really encapsulate the picture of a cutting edge Viking. They plunder each phase that they favor with their essence and desolate the eardrums that their tunes contact. A live show from these folks takes you back to an increasingly basic time of mankind where the divine beings were produced using and of nature and there was as yet a supernatural quality in the central cores of the individuals. To finish up, Amon Amarth is glaringly Norse and they have the right to be perceived as one of the significant supporters of the proceed ing with enthusiasm for Norse folklore and love of the past legacy of an extraordinary area of the world. â€Å"The hold up is soon at end, consistently charge, never twist. Morning is here, make your stand. Live for respect, wonder, demise in fire!† Works Cited Dull Lyrics.â€Å"Amon Amarth Lyrics†. Metal Lyrics. http://www.darklyrics.com/an/amonamarth.html Larrington, Carolyne. The Poetic Edda. New York, New York: Oxford University Press 2008. Lindow, John. Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. New York, New York: Oxford University Press 2001. Sturluson, Snorri. Edda. North Clarendon, VT: Tuttle Publishing 1995.

The Central beliefs and Importance of the Learning Theory - 2200 Words

The Central beliefs and Importance of the Learning Theory (Essay Sample) Content: Reading Theories: Phonics Theory of LearningName:Institution Affiliation:DefinitionThere has been an immense movement in the previous few years by the way we show perusing in UK schools. Phonics has a major effect and helping numerous youngsters figure out how to read and spell (Allington, 2002). Phonics is prescribed as the principal system that children ought to be taught in helping them know how to peruse. It keeps running close by other showing strategies, for example, Guided Reading and Shared Reading to help youngsters build up the various crucial perusing aptitudes and ideally give them a genuine adoration for perusing. Words are made up of little units of sound called phonemes (Hatcher et al., 2004). Phonics instructs youngsters to have the capacity to listen precisely and recognize the phonemes that comprise every word. This study helps children to figure out how to peruse words and to spell words.Phonics is the arrangement of instructing perusing that expand s on the alphabetic rule, an arrangement of which a focal segment is the educating of correspondences between letters or gatherings of letters and their elocutions (Taft, 2006). They are taught GPCs, mixing and fragmenting. GPCs stands for grapheme-phoneme correspondences. This branch just implies they are taught every one of the phonemes in the English dialect and methods for recording them. The principal sounds to be taught are /s/, /a/, /t/ and /p/ which are taught in a specific request. Mixing, on the other hand, is where the youngsters are taught to have the capacity to mix. Mixing is when kids say the sounds that make up a word and can combine the sounds together until they can comprehend what the word is. This expertise is indispensable in figuring out how to peruse. Finally, fragmenting involves teaching the children how to portion. In this the inverse of mixing. Youngsters can say a word and afterward split it up into the phonemes that make it up. This expertise is basic in having the capacity to spell words (Werker et al., 2009).The central beliefs and importance of the theoryThe objective of phonics is to empower starting users to unravel newly composed words by articulating them, or phonically, combining the sound-spelling designs. Because it concentrates on what is spoken as well as the arranged units inside words, phonics is a sub-lexical approach and, subsequently, is frequently diverged from entire dialect, a word-level-up theory for showing perusing (Garen, 2002). Since the turn of the 1900s, phonics has been broadly utilized as a part of essential training and in teaching education all through the English-talking world. All the more particularly engineered phonics is presently the acknowledged technique for learning to peruse in the practice frameworks in the UK and Australia.There are four main beliefs in this theory; subjective perusing abilities (referring to the lexical as well as the sub-lexical personal procedures add to the way we figu re out how to peruse), sub-lexical perusing (includes showing perusing by partner items or gatherings of characters with phones or by utilizing phonics approach and instructing procedure. Some of the time contended to be in rivalry with entire dialect methods); lexical perusing (includes securing words or expressions without consideration regarding the items or gatherings of features that make them or through utilizing whole dialect training and educating philosophy. Once in a while contended as a rival to the theories and its strategies); spelling rules (orthography depends on the guidelines of alphabets. In a written work framework of alphabets, letters are utilized to bring out discourse phonemes or phones) (Torgerson et al., 2006). The spelling pattern for many dialects, for example, Spanish, is relatively alphabetically straightforward, and maybe too deep, in the view that there is a balanced correspondence in the middle of sounds and the letter designs that speak to them.Engli sh has retained numerous words from different dialects all through the history, generally without the spelling changes of those words. Accordingly, the composed variety of English incorporates the orthographical examples of numerous dialects (Classical Latin, Old English, Norman French, Old Norse as well as Greek, and also various present-day dialects) uperimposed upon one another (Nelson et al., 2008). What's more, the great shift of the vowel, a verifiable phonetic procedure that witnessed the nature of numerous vowels in English being changed while still being spelled the same way it seemed to be, enormously decreased the straightforwardness of English grammar especially in connection to articulation.The outcome is that the spelling designs English shift significantly to an extent that they take after guidelines. For instance, the alphabetic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"eeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ quite often refers to/iË /, yet the sound can likewise be spoken to by i and y. So also, the group à ¢Ã ¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"oughà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ talks to/ÊŒf/ like in the word enough; /aÊÅ  / like in limb; /ÉË / like in the case of purchased, and/ÊŒp/as for the word hiccough, while in quagmire and laugh, the elocution differs (Hassaskhah, 2013). It worth remembering that, in any case, that the level of unwavering quality must be accomplished through developing some standards relatively outside the phonics space, which manages letter-phone reference, and into the morphological and morphophonemic areas.Principal authors and practitioners supporting the theoryPhonics advocates drove by Rudolph Flesh in his 1955 book Why Johnny Can't Read assaulted the entire word approach since it didn't get understudies into perusing youngsters' stories that did not have painstakingly controlled vocabularies (Ehri, 2004). Phonics advocates center their endeavors on the essential evaluations and accentuate the significance of understudies having the capacity to sound out (read) words taking into account how they are spelled.Phonics is viewed as a "bottom-up" methodology where understudies "decipher" the importance of content. The benefit of phonics, particularly for substitutes who get to schools with vast word power, is that once understudies get the nuts and bolts down, they can get into the library and look at a wide assortment of kids' writing (Cambourne, 2006).Entire dialect is a presently disputable way to deal with instructing perusing that depends on constructivist learning hypothesis and ethnographic investigations of understudies in classrooms. It is especially connected with the work of Ken and Yetta Goodman at the University of Arizona. With entire dialect, instructors are relied upon to give an education-rich environment to their understudies and to join talking, tuning in, perusing, and composing.Vygotsky distinguished a "zone of proximal" improvement where youngsters can learn new things that are somewhat over their present comprehension with the assist ance of more educated companions or grown-ups (Garen, 2002). This new information is fused into their current learning base.How the theory can be applied in teaching of English language in early yearsThe Ministry for Education, Science, and Training in 2004, set up a national unit to look into the Training of children in Australia. The Committees inspected how perusing is learnt in schools, and also the viability of instructor training programs in planning educators for perusing direction. The initial proposals of the Committee clarify the Unit's feeling the concerns to construct the instructing of perusing in light of proof and the significance of showing deliberate, unequivocal phonics inside an incorporated approach.The official rundown expresses, "The evidence is precise ... that ultimate methodical guideline in phonics amid the early seasons of educating is a crucial establishment for instructing youngsters to peruse (Werker et al., 2009). Discoveries from the examination proof show that all understudies learn best when instructors embrace an incorporated way to deal with perusing that unequivocally educates phonemic mindfulness, phonics, familiarity, vocabulary information, and understanding." The Committee additionally expresses that the obvious identification in the middle of phonics and the entire Lang...

President Lincoln And George Washington - 846 Words

Running a country requires patience, determination, and an enormous amount of leadership. Presidents devote countless hours of their time for the betterment of our nation. Because of this, presidents like Abraham Lincoln and George Washington who lead America through some of the toughest times, are deeply admired by people then and now. One president who rescued America out of its most desperate times stands out among many other of our nation s leaders. Franklin Delano Roosevelt had a difficult life that gave him the opportunity to see from the eyes of others who struggled, and use that to help them. Franklin Roosevelt grew up in luxury among millionaires of New York. He was born on January 30,1882 into a life of wealth and privilege on their 600 acre estate in Hyde Park, New York (â€Å"Franklin Delano Roosevelt†). His father was a Wall Street lawyer and his mother was a â€Å"society mom† who inherited money from her father (Judith S. Baughman, et al. â€Å"American Decades†). Roosevelt was homeschooled until the age of fourteen, when he continued his education at the elite Groton Prep School(â€Å"Franklin Delano Roosevelt†). Roosevelt lived a easy and fun childhood because of his wealth. Roosevelt’s early career created a path for his political and personal success in life. He graduated from harvard in 1904 with a Bachelor s Degree (â€Å"Contemporary Authors†). He then attended Columbia Law School in New York; although he never graduated, he passed the bar exam in 1907 and found work atShow MoreRelatedAbraham Lincoln Rhetorical Analysis988 Words   |  4 Pagesaccomplishing as president so they are able to unite the nation. America is an improbable idea that thrives due to determined leaders venturing for unity and stepping into a position of responsibility that entails making and executing tough decisions. A principal technique used in uniting a nation such as the United States is electing respected leaders. 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Groupthink - 1185 Words

On October 15, 1962, the United States viewed reconnaissance photographs of Cuba and discovered Soviet missiles which were under construction. The next day President John F. Kennedy was informed of the discovery and the President formed a group of twelve advisors to plan and handle the crisis. The advisors met for seven days to plan a strategy on how to handle the crisis and on October 22, 1962, President Kennedy revealed the crisis to the American public and of his decision to surround and blockade Cuba. President Kennedy also made the announcement that the Soviets would need to remove their missiles from Cuba and any missiles fired from Cuba would be considered a direct threat to and attack on the United States. President Kennedy†¦show more content†¦The next change was the change in group atmosphere. The sessions would be devoted to open and frank discussion and the usual rules of protocol were to be suspended (Janis, 1982). A formal agenda was not followed during the ses sions (Janis, 1982). Outside experts were invited to the sessions to give their views and were questioned about their conclusions (Janis, 1982). New advisors were brought in from time to time as visitors, and members of the group would ask these visitors for input during their discussions (Janis, 1982). The third change was the added meetings of subgroups. The Executive Committee was broken into two subgroups to facilitate critical thinking (Janis, 1982). The subgroups would meet separately to come up with a policy decision and would then come back together as one to debate and cross-examine each other’s decisions (Janis, 1982). The last change was the leaderless sessions. President Kennedy would deliberately be absent from the meetings, particularly in the beginning, to avoid influence on his advisors (Janis, 1982). 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Marketing Fundamentals Business Strategy and Recommendations

Question: Describe about the Marketing Fundamentals for Business Strategy and Recommendations. Answer: Background Summary This report helps to know about Open Family Australia. It shows the organizations overview and service description, companys micro and macro environment, market segmentation, market targeting and consumer profile, differentiation and positioning. Open Family Australia is an organization that belongs to the part of youth service providers of Australia among non-profit sectors of the country. Open Family Australia observed that school dropout rate is increasing among Australian youth thereby rendering them jobless due to lack of skills and knowledge. The aim of the organisation is to help such individuals in Melbourne. Further, the organisation is affected by changing social trend of increased dropout and family issues and low economic status of certain groups that provide it with its customers. Moreover, stable political parties, government agencies and community help the organisation in its endeavors. The target market of the organization divided into two parts in the one part it con tain the poor youth and the another part of the target market consists of different excited youth between the age group of 18 to 35 years who are accountable for providing the service to the target customers. Further, the organization requires appropriate promotional strategy that will help in obtaining significant market share in this field. Moreover, the company seeks to position itself as the best service provider to the youth in Melbourne by building a distinct brand image among its target market. Further, it seeks to differentiate it services by adding a touch of sympathy, empathy and care to it for helping its clients. The purpose of this report is to highlight the role and aspects of integrated marketing mix in promotion strategy for Open Family Australia. Further, recommendations for promotional tools that can be used to establish the organisation as brand and create awareness among people about their services and ways to volunteer and donate for the organisation has been provided. Promotional Mix Integrated Marketing Communication refers to introduction of all the techniques of brand promotion to promote a specific products and services along with target customers. In integrated marketing communication, all aspects of marketing communication work mutually for improving sales of products and services (Blakeman, 2014). It is essential to know about customers perceptions about the companys product for the marketers (Chitty, Barker, Valos, and Shimp, 2011). Integrated Marketing communication tools include various methods for promoting a service such as advertising, direct marketing, sponsorship marketing, promoting through social media like Twitter, Facebook, etc. Integrated marketing communications includes coordination and integration of boulevard, communication tools and sources within the organization that minimizes the cost of services and maximizes the impact on customers (Yeshin, 2012). Promotion mix focuses mainly on the customers and ways to sell and deliver products and services to the customers. While,integrated marketing communication focuses on all the components of the marketing mix such as price, product, promotion and place. Integrated marketing communication play an important role to provide the proper information to large audience. Integrated marketing communication is essential for direct interaction with the customers. Moreover, it not only promotes the products and services but also develops trust among the customers who would always join. Integrated marketing communication provides a large variety of options, which assist the companies to connect easily with the target customers. It helps in creating awareness about the services with advertising and other tools of integrated marketing communication (Olenski, 2013). It is important for the growth of the organization and customer retention. Organizations understand the worth of strategically integrating the large communications functions rather than having them operate autonomously. Integrated marketing communication is one of the simplest ways for an organization to maximize the profits on its investment in promotion and marketing. IMC is considered as a key element of competitive advantage by various organizations because sales and profit are increased while saving the money, stress and time (Saeed et al., 2013). Recommended Promotion Tools and Elements Integrated marketing communication uses various tools that help to promote the product and service of organization that includes personal selling, advertising, direct marketing, sales promotion and sponsorship (Blakeman, 2014). Further, it includes various social media tools such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, YouTube and many more. In the context of Open Family Australia NGO, promotional tools should be specific and cost saving as well as it should be fulfilling organizational objectives. It should use these promotional tools such as advertising, direct marketing, events and social media platforms because besides being cost effective, these promotional tools will provide better results to organization in terms of greater awareness and wider market reach. Advertising: Open Family Australia should use advertising to promote its services. Advertising refers to an organizational activity to promote the product and service. This organization can advertise its services by using some techniques that includes print media, official website and radio (Shimp and Andrews, 2012). These are specific tools for advertising the service of NGO. Open family Australia can use official website and print media that includes newspaper, posters and flyers. The organization can use official website to convey the message or information to public. It can upload photographs, videos and social events related information at the website. Website requires one time investment to build but it can be used as a cost-free advising too for the rest of its life. To attract maximum audience and increase greater awareness, the organization should used newspaper that can contain an article or advertisement about NGO, its services and volunteers contribution. All age group pe ople use newspapers that will help to attract large audience at low cost. Open family Australia can use posters and flyers for advertisement. Posters and flyers is an effective way to build awareness in public. It can contain a message or attractive tagline or some detailed information and message that can be easily distributed and display anywhere that includes all educational institutes, public transportation ways and stands and other public places (Farabi, 2012). It can attract large number of audience at low cost. These advertising tools helps in greater awareness and wider market reach. It provides information to audience at low cost. Therefore, Open Family Australia should use these advertising tools for promotion of NGO. Events: Open Family Australia should use event as a tool of integrated marketing communication to promote its services. Events refer to gathering of people to promote a product or service, convey a message and build the awareness among public (Vel and Sharma, 2010). The organization can organize various events for social welfare as well as they can share the social message with public. Organization can also tie up with small enterprises, educational institutes and other public places to conduct its events. The main objectives of organizing an event are to build awareness about social welfare. They can encourage the youth to work as volunteers and fill up application form at online or offline basis. At the time of event, volunteers can share their views, experiences and expectation from NGO with the audiences. Thus, audience can also ask some questions to them. It is a better way of share the views and experience with public. In the event, NGO can facilitate volunteers which will not only increase the morale of the one associated with the organisation, but also motivate others to join them. Therefore, it can be recommended that Open Family Australia should organize events that will help them to fulfill organizational as well as marketing objectives. Direct marketing: Direct marketing refers to directly communication with target audience using email, telephone and text message. This media helps to convey message to target audience as well as collect the customer data and feedback about the particular product and service provided by company (Percy, 2014). Open Family Australia can use direct marketing to promote the service and generate the awareness of people. They can directly inform large organization, political parties and government agencies via text message, telephone or emails for fund related help. Thus, Open Family Australia can raise the fund that can be used for social welfare and fulfill its objectives. Direct marketing will provide better result to Open Family Australia in terms of availing large donations for its welfare activities from corporate. Therefore, it should use this promotional tool. Social media: Currently, social media is an effective tool to convey information through social platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, YouTube and many more (Koontz and Mon, 2014). It is the best way to promote services among target audience. Social media helps in build public relations, create new contacts and convey information to large audience. Social media use Open Family Australia should use social media to promote the service via social media tools. They can interact with large number of audience and provide information about social welfare. They can upload NGO related the photographs, social welfare moments and memories on social media platforms where audiences review, likes and comment can shows their participation and interest. Further the organization can create an official page that should contain all information and regular updates. They can use Twitter to share the information about social welfare with public. Open Family Australia should use YouTube for sharing the videos and documentaries related to experiences of its members and volunteers (Schaffer, 2013). These video can also contain the activities and achievement of NGO to communicate that their work is genuine and is benefitting the society. It helps to generate awareness of audience for social welfare. Open Family Australia is targeting youth and in the current scenario, t he youth of Australia is actively participating at social media therefore the organization can convey their message via social media. As well as it can suggest to youth for work as voluntaries. Social media will help Open Family Australia in creating greater awareness and wider market reach. Hence, organization should use this promotional tool as it is also cost effective. Conclusion Open Family Australia is working towards the welfare of the society of Australia. The increased school dropouts, jobless youth, family issues and social isolation caused by technology provides large scope for the organisation to provide its services to the troubled youth aged between 15-25 years, which is also its target market. Moreover, the company can seek help from educated youth and other government and business organisations to volunteer in providing services and donate for the welfare of socially troubled and underprivileged youth. For this, the organisation needs to position and establish itself as a brand and generate awareness among its target market (clients and volunteers/donors) regarding its services and benefits created. Further, it has been recommended that Open Family should use advertising, events, direct selling and social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, You Tube, etc. as a part of its integrated marketing strategy to create awareness, increase the percentage of members and volunteer applications. The company can use events and direct marketing to develop public relations, gain instant feedbacks and gauge reaction of its target market. Advertisement through newspaper, flyers and radio will act as a cost effective methods to reach large segments of target market. On the contrary, social media platforms can be used for content marketing to share stories and to upload videos of members that will share their experiences and benefits. Moreover, the organisation can use increase in number of members, volunteers and donors as a measure to gauge the success of its marketing campaign. Additionally, number of likes, shares and comments on social media platforms can also represent the extent to which the organisations content is being read, liked and shared by its target audience. This will help Open Family Australia to measure the success of its communication plan. References Chitty, W. Barker, N. Valos, M. Shimp, T. (2011) Integrated Marketing Communications. 3rdedn. United States: Cengage Learning Blakeman, R. (2014) Integrated Marketing Communication:Creative Strategy from Idea to Implementation. 2nd edn Lanham: Rowman Littlefield Yeshin, T. (2012) Integrated Marketing Communication. London: Routledge Olenski, S. (2013) Why Integrated Marketing Communications Is More Important Than Ever, Forbes. [Online].Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/steveolenski/2013/09/16/why-integrated-marketing-communications-is-more-important-than-ever/#1c7d1e5d2325 (Assessed: 16 December 2016) Saeed, R. Naeem, B. Bilal, M. and Naz, U. (2013) Integrated Marketing Communication: A Review Paper, Integrated Marketing Communication: A Review Paper, 5(5), pp.124-133 Blakeman, R. (2014) Integrated Marketing Communication: Creative Strategy from Idea to Implementation. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield. Farabi, Y. (2012) Marketing Plan of Virgin Australia. Munich: GRIN Verlag. Koontz,C. and Mon, L. (2014) Marketing and Social Media: A Guide for Libraries, Archives, and Museums. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield. Percy, L. (2014) Strategic Integrated Marketing Communications. UK: Routledge. Shimp,T. A. and Andrews, J. C. (2012) Advertising Promotion and Other Aspects of Integrated Marketing Communications. Boston: Cengage Learning. Schaffer, N. (2013) Maximize Your Social: A One-Stop Guide to Building a Social Media Strategy for Marketing and Business Success. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Vel, P. and Sharme, R. (2010) Megamarketing an Event using Integrated Marketing communications, Event marketing, 11(6), pp. 1-21, [Online]. Available at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1340context=dubaipapers (Accessed: 16 December 2016). Vel, P. and Sharma, R. (2010) Mega marketing an Event using Integrated Marketing communications, Event marketing, 11(6), pp. 1-21, [Online]. Available at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1340context=dubaipapers (Accessed: 16 December 2016).

Rent the adaptation of the broadway musical to feature film

Introduction This case study focuses on â€Å"Rent† a musical production that first opened in Broadway in 1994. Jonathan Larson wrote and composed this musical. The musical is based on the Bohemian Ideals and is loosely based on La Puccini’s â€Å"La Boheme† (Puccini 1). The show was first shown in a limited three-week period at the New York Theatre.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Rent the adaptation of the broadway musical to feature film specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It then ran until 1996. The show was a success managing to garner a Pulitzer Prize and eventually moving to a much larger Broadway theatre in Nederlander. The show also won a Tony award among many other awards in the course of its production. Financially, â€Å"Rent† was a success grossing over two hundred and eighty million dollars in Broadway earnings. By the time the show closed in 2008 after running for twel ve years, it had already been staged over five thousand times. It was also the longest running Broadway show at the time (Bennett 45). The show enjoyed successful tours both in the United States and around the world. Some of these tours include the â€Å"Angel† tour and the â€Å"Benny tour.† Around the world, there have been tours in Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland and Australia. The show has also been adopted in over thirty-two countries around the world. It has also been performed in twenty-four languages. The show has enjoyed positive reviews throughout it run. It was praised for its audience friendly scripting and the performance of some of its cast members like Neil Patrick Harris. Eventually, the show was adapted into a film in 2005. Some of the original cast members were featured in this film. The plot of the show is linear, with the action arranged into two acts. The first Act introduces the main character Mark and his friends. This Act chronicles each cha racter’s afflictions and problems. There are those who are battling AIDS, those who are seeking love, those who are battling to maintain their relationships, and those who are battling with financial insecurities. There is also Benny who is seeking to achieve his goals by subjecting his friends to suffering. This act is centered on a demonstration that is planned to prevent Benny from developing a cyber studio in the lot next to Mark’s apartment. This Act reveals each character’s fears, trials and tribulations. The second act opens with Mark and Roger having been locked out of the apartment. They are gathering a crowd around the apartment to help with the break-in. In the course of this Act, several relationships are severed, and Angel dies. The act ends with Mimi being very sick. At this state of near death, she struggles to confess her love for Mark. Then, they all gather to rejoice for the little time they have lived with each other.Advertising Looking f or case study on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The story is centered on Mark, a filmmaker, together with his group of friends: Roger, a rocker, and his roommate, who is suffering from AIDS. He was once a successful musician and had a drug addiction problem. There is Mimi an exotic dancer who is also suffering from AIDS and is Roger’s love interest. She lives in an apartment below them and is a drug addict. Mark and Roger lived in an apartment complex that is now owned by their former roommate Benjamin â€Å"Benny† Coffin. Benny was able to purchase their building and the lot next to it after marrying a wealthy girl. Although he had promised to let Mark and Roger live in his building rent free, he still goes back on his word and starts demanding rent from them. He now seeks to develop a cyber studio in the area occupied by the lot. Many people oppose this development led by Maureen Johnson, a lesbian, who used to be Mark’s girlfriend, and Joanne Jefferson, a public interest lawyer, and Maureen’s, current girlfriend. Tom Collins used to live in this apartment before moving in with Angel. He is a gay anarchist and a teacher. Mark describes him as a computer genius. Angel is a drag queen and a street percussionist who has AIDS. Angel is Mark’s love interest and eventually succumbs to AIDS. This musical’s performance touches on the themes of love, loss and betrayal (Rapp 19). Several characters have romantic feelings towards each other. The main character Mark used to date Maureen who has, in turn, become Joanne’s lover. The strongest love is, however, exemplified by Roger and Mimi. Initially, Roger is reluctant to get romantically involved with Mimi. Near the end of the movie, he sings a very romantic song titled â€Å"your eyes† which is partially responsible for Mimi’s revival (Larson 1). Love, in this case, is closely connected to loss. Mark lost his love for Maureen and, since then, he has not found love in another woman. Collin loses his love interest to AIDS and struggles to overcome his loss. Roger’s former girlfriend committed suicide when she found out she had AIDS. Betrayal is the other theme in this performance. Several characters feel betrayed by their bodies for contracting AIDS. In addition, Benny betrays his friends and former acquaintances.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Rent the adaptation of the broadway musical to feature film specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This production appeals mostly to young people. This is because they are more likely to relate to the issues of love, sex, and same sex relationships. The story chronicles the struggles of young people. These include struggles with their careers, their parents constant meddling, their sexuality, drug addiction, or even newfound status. The older people m ay also be appealed to by this musical because it opens their eyes to the struggles of the young people. The writer of this musical set it in his own town of residence, New York. Several of the addressed issues were situations the writer encountered on a day-to-day basis. During the time, the town was grappling with the AIDS epidemic that was cutting short the life of many young men and women at the time. The debate on same sex marriages was also in high gear during this time. This is probably why the writer of the musical chose to represent those in same sex relationships in a positive light. â€Å"Rent† is a highly charged and emotional performance that uses music and artistic performance to communicate to its audience. This case study focuses on effects of â€Å"political modernism† when adapting the musical into a film. The case study aims at investigating how modernism affects adaptation of the musical into a film through revisions, rewritings, change in musical p erformances, costumes, surfacing of themes among others (Baker 34). For this reason, the original â€Å"Rent† performance will be compared and contrasted with the 2005 film with the same name. Areas of Analysis: Rewritings One of the rewritings in the film is occasioned by the addition of an engagement scene in the film version. Joanne’s parents host this engagement. This change is most likely in line with modernism. During the time the original musical was first performed, the issue of same sex marriages was frowned upon. By the time the film premiered in 2005, this stance had already softened. This makes this scene more palatable to the audience at this time. Musical Performances The number of musical performances in the Braodway’s original performance is less than that which is in the film. In some instances, these songs are turned into dialogue. The director of the film cites some of the reasons for cutting out the songs as lack of pacing and some songs bear ing unnecessary emotional burden.Advertising Looking for case study on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After television audiences have been exposed to constant emotional distress, there is a need for more entertainment content in films than was needed a decade ago. The songs that were cut include â€Å"Christmas Bells,† â€Å"We Are Okay†andâ€Å"Happy New Year.† All these songs are modern day television clichà ©s. In line with artistic political modernism, they would not appeal to the latter audiences as they used to (Levenson 24). Conveyance of Themes The death of Roger’s girlfriend in the musical is shown as suicide. She did so when she found out that she had AIDS as stated in her suicide note. In the film version, she is only seen reading a doctor’s note. The reason for this discrepancy may be that, back then, contracting AIDS was practically a death sentence. This has, however, changed over time. In addition, it is considered more politically correct today to give hope to those affected as opposed to agreeing with their desolation. Conclusion The transition of â€Å"Rent† from a musical to a film was a smooth one with no major discrepancies. However, a closer investigation reveals the effects of modernism in this translation. Several details were altered during this adaptation in line with political modernism (Zatlin 49). While the central theme remains the same, several other minor details of the original film have lost significance over time. Works Cited Baker, Houston. Modernism and the Harlem Renaissance, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Print. Bennett, Susan. Theatre audiences: A theory of production and reception, New York, NY: Routledge, 1997. Print. Larson, Jonathan. Rent the Musical-Lyrics. 1996. Web. https://www.allmusicals.com/r/rent.htm. Levenson, Michael. The Cambridge Companion to Modernism, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Print. Puccini, Giacomo. La bohà ¨me —Libretto in English. n.d. Web. Rapp, Anthony. Without You: A Memoir of Love, Loss, and the Musical Rent , New York, NY: Simon Schuster, 2006. Print. Zatlin, Phyllis. Theatrical Translation And Film Adaptation: A Practitioner’s View, London: Multilingual Matters, 2005. Print. This case study on Rent the adaptation of the broadway musical to feature film was written and submitted by user Ahmad Mann to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Human Relations Theory vs Scientific Method Theory Essay Example

Human Relations Theory vs Scientific Method Theory Essay Example Human Relations Theory vs Scientific Method Theory Essay Human Relations Theory vs Scientific Method Theory Essay Scientific Method Theory By Fedrick Taylor And Human Relations Theory (Hawthorne Studies) By Elton Mayo Student Name: Subject:Human Relations Date:14th October, 2010 The Scientific Management Theory (Taylorism) In 1911, Frederick Winslow Taylor published his work, The Principles of Scientific Management, in which he described how the application of the scientific method to the management of workers greatly could improve productivity. Scientific management methods called for optimizing the way that tasks were performed and simplifying the jobs enough so that workers could be trained to perform their specialized sequence of motions in the one best way. Before the scientific management theory, work tasks were done by skilled craftsmen who were taught to do their jobs in lengthy apprenticeships. They decided upon how a task should be performed. With the introduction of scientific management allot of this autonomy was reduced and converted skilled crafts into a series of simplified jobs that could be performed by unskilled workers who could be easily trained for the task. There are four principles of scientific measurement: 1) Study how the job is being performed now then figure out new ways to do it. Gather relevant information (detailed, time and motion). Try out various methods before choosing. 2) Scientifically select, train, and develop each worker rather than passively leaving them to train themselves. 3) Cooperate with the workers to ensure that the scientifically developed methods are being followed. 4) Divide work nearly equally between managers and workers, so that the managers apply scientific management principles to planning the work and the workers actually perform the tasks. Although scientific management brought about positive changes, there were also drawbacks. * Taylorism can easily be abused to exploit human beings. Conflicts with labor unions. * Not useful to deal with groups or teams. * Leaves no room for individual preferences or initiative. * Overemphasis on measuring. No attention for soft factors. * Mechanistic. Treating people as machines. * Separation of planning function and doing. * Loss of skill level and autonomy at worker level. Not very useful in current knowledge worker environments (except as an antithesis). The Human Relations Theory (The Hawthorne Effect) The Hawthorne Studies (or experiments) were conducted from 1927 to 1932 at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago, where Harvard Business School professor Elton Mayo examined productivity and work conditions. Elton Mayo started these experiments by examining the physical and environmental influences of the workplace (e. g. brightness of lights, humidity) and later, moved into the psychological aspects (e. g. breaks, group pressure, working hours, managerial leadership) and their impact on employee motivation as it applies to productivity. The Hawthorne Effect can be summarized as Employees are more productive because  the employees  know they are being studied. Elton Mayos experiments showed an increase in worker productivity was produced by the psychological stimulus of being singled out, involved, and made to feel important. Specifically, Mayo wanted to find out what effect fatigue and monotony had on job productivity and how to control them through such variables as rest breaks, work hours, temperature and humidity. In the process, he stumbled upon a principle of human motivation that would help to revolutionize the theory and practice of management. To his amazement, Elton Mayo discovered a general upward trend in production, completely independent of any of the changes he made. Flowing from the findings of these investigations he came to certain conclusions as follows: * Work is a group activity. * The social world of the adult is primarily patterned about work activity. * The need for recognition, security and sense of belonging is more important in determining workers morale and productivity than the physical conditions under which he works. A complaint is not necessarily an objective recital of facts; it is commonly a symptom manifesting disturbance of an individuals status position. * The worker is a person whose attitudes and effectiveness are conditioned by social demands from both inside and outside the work plant. * Informal groups within the work plant exercise strong social controls over the work habits and attitudes of the individual worker. * The change from an established society in the home to an adaptive society in the work plant resulting from the use of new techniques tends continually to disrupt the social organization of a work plant and industry generally. Group collaboration does not occur by accident; it must be planned and developed. If group collaboration is achieved the human relations within a work plant may reach a cohesion which resists the disrupting effects of adaptive society. Difference of the two theories Frederick Winslow Taylor and George Elton Mayo carried out an enormous amount of research and made a substantial contribution in this area. However, although their initial aims were very similar to improve productivity, their methods and conclusions were very different. Taylor theory of Scientific Management study included his time and motion studies, his idea of ‘one best way’ to perform a job and ‘one best’ person to perform it, the fact that he thought people were primarily motivated by money, and the effects all of this would have on employees. Mayo initially seeked to prove Taylor’s theories right, however, due to the Hawthorne Experiments, he became more interested in the involvement and fair treatment of workers and their social environment. He found that people weren’t just motivated by money. The main difference between the two theories is that Taylor’s studies concentrated mostly on work organization e. g. efficiency while Mayo’s theory seeked the interest of more personal or human related aspects in the organization. Reference 1. netmba. com/, James E. Gurun, Fenghua Wang, Patrick R. Barton, Copyright  © 2002-2010 This web site is operated by the Internet Center for Management and Business Administration, Inc. 2. change. freeuk. com/learning/business/mayo. html Adrian Worsfold 3. www. wikipedia. com , Wikipedia ®

Comparison between Jack Welch and Larry Page for Tracking Out the Dissertation

Comparison between Jack Welch and Larry Page for Tracking Out the Ultimate Leaded - Dissertation Example Two great leaders like Jack Welch and Larry Page has been considered and a comparative study has been performed on their leadership qualities. Jack Welch is considered as the man behind General Electric’s (GE) success story during the period 1980 to 1990. Despite being of young age and having less experience, Welch went on to perform better than his predecessor (Mayo and Nohria, 2005). Larry Page who is quite well known as a manager has made positive contributions towards Google. He created the algorithm known as Page Rank ranking the different existing websites. Google has used this site successfully to publish an order of the sites on the web (JBC on Journal Ranking, 2012). Although leadership and management are distinct concepts, yet they complement each other. Both the concepts play an important role for business growth and prosperity. But as per the current scenario of US Companies’ it is found that there management is excessive for these companies but they lack ab le leaders. A company requires a strong combination of both leadership and management in order to prosper. The ability of a leader lies in accepting upcoming business challenges and in dealing effectively with those challenges in the business world (Kotter, 1990). However leadership goals are mainly ambitious one but the managers set goals as per the needs of the company. Managerial culture has more rationality embedded in it and differs a lot from the culture which leaders bring within their companies. Leadership is known to have more practical implications while managers operate more on the notion of efficiency (Zalzenik, 2004). It has been found for business growth more concentration needs to be placed on the notion of effectiveness rather than efficiency (Drucker, 2006). Companies’ Board of Directors are now in constant search of business leaders to be the CEOs of their companies. They are not content with mere experience of the candidates for eligibility (Khurana, 2002). With this at the backdrop it can be argued that Jack Welch can be considered as a better leader than Larry Page being a business leader rather with the technical background like Page. The paper intends to support such an argument by making a comparison of the leadership qualities of Jack Welch and Larry Page for tracing out the more able and ultimate leader among both of them thereby taking a look at the background of the two great leaders. In recent times the established business schools running the MBA courses are entrusted with the job of selecting those candidates who have the capability of becoming able mangers in the future. Such a selection of applicants is done by testing their leadership qualities. High marks in GMAT are not considered as the sole indicator of managerial skills (Training Mangers not MBAs, n.d., p.81). Business schools are criticized if they fail in creating able leaders. Without leadership qualities the business schools may not be able to come up with grad uates who have real managerial potentials and can do well in corporate sector. Such a failure may be considered equivalent to a crisis arising in management study. Such MBA graduates in future may assume high positions in management of business schools and for this leadership qualities are essential (Bennis and O’Toole, 2005). The main objectives of businesses are to obtain fruitful outcomes. An organization’

Homelessness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Homelessness - Essay Example They also claim that there is ‘tertiary homelessness’, which refers to people living in boarding housing on a long term basis without security of tenure or exclusive use of bathroom or kitchen facilities. Smith (2005) also claims that many homeless people are ‘hidden’ from official government statistics, e.g. people sleeping on the couch in friends houses. However, Heintjes (2005) argues that defining ‘hidden homelessness’ as a form of homelessness stretches the concept to such an extent that it loses its distinct value, and he questions whether defining it in this way is a useful concept at all. Carlen (1996) states that changes in the law, economic conditions, and social and political ideology contribute to homelessness. Carlen (1996) also claims that homelessness and the homeless are 20th Century productions, in which governments attempt to categorize it in order to try and tackle the problem. From this point of view, Marxist geographers incl uding Harvey (2005) argue that homelessness can in some parts be contributed to the inequality that exists in capitalist societies, in which there will always be ‘winners’, i.e. the bourgeoisie, and losers, i.e. proletariat. This often leads in low wages and unemployment for the poorest members of society, i.e. the wheels are capitalism lead to poverty, and consequently homelessness. It is therefore the belief of Marxist geographers that as long as capitalism exists, so to will poverty, unemployment and homelessness. The Homeless Link Report (2011), a partner agency which worked with the UK Government’s ‘No One Left Out’ rough sleeping strategy aimed to investigate how many people slept rough on a single night in England. They instructed councils to submit estimates of the number of people sleeping rough on the streets of their area and found an increase by 42% from 1,247 in 2009 to 1,768 in 2010. London had the highest number of rough sleepers on an y average night with about 415. The report also found that a range of demographic factors have a significant effect on the probability someone will become homeless. It is the purpose of the remainder of this essay to explore and identify the socio-demographical factors that increase the likelihood of a person becoming homeless, and whether adequate policies can prevent increased and future homelessness. Quilgars and Anderson (1997) claim that young people are more likely to experience homelessness than any other age group and they found that young people aged 16-24 are considerably over-represented in homeless figures, accounting for 30% of homeless people. A range of social and economic structural factors are believed to have contributed to the rise in youth homelessness including changes to housing policy, the labour market and the benefit system. Evans (1996) also argues that young people may have little support and are unprepared for leaving home and are therefore at the greates t risk of becoming homeless. Increasing youth unemployment, combined with reduced access and supply of social housing have also significantly increased youth homelessness. Carlen (1996) also believes there is a link between youth homelessness and local authority care, in which she found 40% of young homeless people have at one time in their life been in care. This also suggests that homelessness could be the effect of a rough upbringing, with little family support or relations. Therefore when young people leave care at the age of 18, they have no

Daoism and Confucianism Essay Example for Free

Daoism and Confucianism Essay Daoism and Confucianism are two of China’s oldest and most pervasive philosophies. They arose during the same period in Chinese history, called the Hundred Schools of Thought, a time often marred by unrest and feudal strife. Both philosophies reflect this, as their overarching goals are to seek order and harmony in one’s life, relationship with society, and the universe. Confucianism is a philosophy originated by the Chinese philosopher, Confucius, which teaches that logic and reason can solve all human problems, and rejects excessive emotion and superstition. Confucianism also teaches that following the traditions of early Chinese culture is the best way to organize society. Traditional ritual, music and poetry are also seen as important tools in maintaining societal harmony. Confucius was concerned with matters of human relationships. His philosophy inspires scholars to take up civil service with the goal of building a society based upon their discernment of good and bad and to desire that which is judged to be good. The way of Confucius is to forge a moral society protected from the world. The main source of Confucian teaching is the Analects of Confucius. Daoism on the other hand was started by Lao Tzu, and is mainly concerned with living a balanced life based on following Nature. Lau Tzu saw the natural world as a sort of teacher which could impart wisdom to mankind if we only observed it and modeled our lives on what we see in nature. Extremes are to be avoided, passivity is encouraged over force, going with the flow of things and avoiding conflict is the goal. Lao Tzu rejects worldly concerns, limited knowledge and flawed judgments as creating an imbalance in the nature of things. The way of Lao Tzu is to allow man and nature to come into a harmonic coexistence. So, to boil it all down to one point, Taoism is all about mans relationship with nature, while Confucianism is about mans relationship with his fellow man. Confucianism was created in the early fourth century B. C. E. The founder of Confucianism was Kong Qiu (Kung Chiu), who was born around 552 B. C. E. in the small state of Lu and died in 479 B. C. E. The Latinized name Confucius, based on the honorific title Kong Fuzi (Kung Fu-tzu), was created by 16th-century Jesuit missionaries in China. Confucius was a teacher to sons of the nobility at a time when formal education was just beginning in China. He traveled from region to region with a small group of disciples, and believed that his philosophy could transform individuals and society into a more harmonious unit. Confucius was not particularly famous during his lifetime, and even considered himself to be a failure. He longed to be the advisor to a powerful ruler, and he believed that such a ruler, with the right advice, could bring about an ideal world. Confucius said heaven and the afterlife were beyond human capacity to understand, and one should therefore concentrate instead on doing the right thing in this life. The earliest records from his students indicate that he did not provide many moral precepts; rather he taught an attitude toward ones fellow humans of respect, particularly respect for ones parents, teachers, and elders. He also encouraged his students to learn from everyone they encountered and to honor others cultural norms. Later, his teachings would be translated by authoritarian political philosophers into strict guidelines, and for much of Chinese history Confucianism would be associated with an immutable hierarchy of authority and unquestioning obedience. Confucius’s teachings were carried on and promoted by his disciple Mencius, and, later, by Hsun-Tzu, who lived from about 300 to 235 B. C. E. E. A rationalist form of Neo-Confucianism, an outgrowth of Confucianism, began to gain popularity through the teachings of Chu Hsi, who lived from 1033 to 1107 CE. A more socially oriented Neo-Confucianism became popular through the teachings of Wang Yang-Ming, who lived from 1472 to 1529 C. E. The Analects is a collection of principles enunciated by the Chinese thinker Confucius in conversations with his disciples. Similar to Proverbs in the Old Testament, the analects depend heavily on analogy and metaphor. They stress the importance not of rules per se, but of ethics, that guide behavior. Never impose on others what you would not choose for yourself. He also stressed the need for ritual and music. These principles set standards for individual conduct and the administration of government and community. After Confucius died in 479 B. C. E. , his followers compiled his teachings in the form of dialogues between him and his students. The resulting collection highly influenced educational, social, and cultural thought in China and elsewhere. Running through the teachings of Confucius is this theme: A man should lead an upright life, educate himself, and contribute to the betterment of society. The superior man, he says, respects elders, cultivates the friendship of good people, presides over his subordinates with a fair and even hand, continually educates himself, overflows with love for fellow human beings, and in general sets a good example for others to follow. The Analects are terse and usually easy to understand. Many of these passages, though presented in the form of conversation, are epigrams that stand alone as wise and memorable admonitions. The statements make frequent use of parallel structure and antithesis. Some say Confucianism is not a religion, since there are no Confucian deities and no teachings about the afterlife. Confucius himself was a staunch supporter of ritual, however, for many centuries there were state rituals associated with Confucianism. Most importantly, the Confucian tradition was instrumental in shaping Chinese social relationships and moral thought. Thus even without deities and a vision of salvation, Confucianism plays much the same role as religion does in other cultural contexts. Confucianism is a socio-philosophical system aimed at bettering individuals and society. Its primary goals were to educate people to be self-motivated and self-controlled, and to enable people to assume their responsibilities, which would, in turn, cultivate a better self and a harmonious society. Confucius believed that lawlessness and social problems stemmed from the combination of unenlightened individuals and a social structure without norms. Confucius believed in the Great Ultimate (Tao), which manifests itself in the I, or change. Tao is the cause of I, and generates Yang (energy) and Yin (a passive form). Together, Yin and Yang are seen as complementary symbols of the energy and tension in a system of counter forces. Tao, or the Great Ultimate, is the first-cause of the universe, a force that flows through all life, but is not a personal being. Ultimately, we are here to discover our real self, which is the nature of Tao. Humans are thought to be inherently good. Through self-discipline, a human is able to move in accordance to Tao and thus will enjoy the principle of change. In a practical sense, we are here to better ourselves and society. This is done through education and enlightenment. Daoism was created in China in the Late 4th century B. C. E. Daoism was founded by Li Erh (better known as Lao Tzu), or â€Å"Old Master†, in the sixth century B. C. E. Lao Tzu was the keeper of the imperial library and the author of Tao Te Ching, or the Book of Dao and Virtue. The specific date of birth of Lao Tzu is unknown. Legends vary, but scholars’ place his birth between 600 and 300 B. C. E. Lao Tzu’s wise counsel attracted followers, but he refused to set his ideas down in writing. He believed that written words might solidify into formal dogma. Lao Tzu wanted his philosophy to remain a natural way to live life with goodness, serenity and respect. Lao Tzu laid down no rigid code of behavior. He believed a person’s conduct should be governed by instinct and conscience. Lao Tzu believed that human life, like everything else in the universe, is constantly influenced by outside forces. He believed â€Å"simplicity† to be the key to truth and freedom. Lao Tzu encouraged his followers to observe, and seek to understand the laws of nature; to develop intuition and build up personal power; and to use that power to lead life with love, and without force. Legend says that in the end Lao Tzu, saddened by the evil of men, set off into the desert on a water buffalo leaving civilization behind. When he arrived at the final gate at the great wall protecting the kingdom, the gatekeeper persuaded him to record the principles of his philosophy for posterity. The result was the eighty-one sayings of the â€Å"Tao Te Ching. † The Tao Te Ching was written in China roughly 2,500 years ago at about the same time when Buddha expounded the Dharma in India and Pythagoras taught in Greece. The Tao Te Ching is probably the most influential Chinese book of all times. Its 81 chapters have been translated into English more times than any other Chinese document, and it provides the basis for the philosophical school of Daoism, which is an important pillar of Chinese thought. In Tao Te Ching, it never specifically defines The Way. It’s a series of verses, poems, and riddles. It emphasizes control but not dominance, fluidity but not ambivalence, and mystery but not confusion. Dao is analogous to God, but Dao is not a being. Rather, Dao is the source of all and the ultimate reality, and Dao is the cause of all change in life. Dao permeates the universe and is the principle behind all that is. Dao can only be experienced through mystical ecstasy. Daoists seek transformation of their self and body into a cosmic, Dao-focused entity. This is achieved through ritual and meditation. Daoism teaches that there is one undivided truth at the root of all things. Daoism is the organized, indigenous religion of China. From a philosophical standpoint Daoism focuses on Dao, or way, and deals with ideas about naturalness, ease, non-action etc. Physically, Daoism focuses on health through concepts like Qigong and Taiji quan, which involve deep breathing, slow, graceful motions and gentle stretching. From a religious standpoint, Daoism is reflected in many areas, including a social and political vision, rituals, a hierarchical priesthood, talismans and exorcisms. Other Daoism practices include advanced spiritual meditation and mystic, ecstatic soul travel. The universe is hierarchically organized in such a way that its entirety is reproduced in its individual parts. Thus, man is a microcosm within the macrocosm (small universe within a larger one). Man’s parts correspond to parts of the universe and nature. All is from the Dao, and all will return to the Dao. Daoism was created to reunite with Dao through the transformation from disharmony to harmony. Disharmony causes a destructive or waning cycle of the Five Elements (metal, wood, earth, water and fire). This cycle consists of metal destroying wood (wood is cut by a metal ax); wood dominating earth through its roots (domination through power); earth mastering water and preventing floods (anti-nature forces); water destroying fire (pollution is caused by anti-nature, and destroys the beauty of the world); fire melts metal (causing pollution). Through personal and social transformation, humans can convert the destructive cycle of the Five Elements into a creative or constructive cycle of the Five Elements. Metal in the earth nourishes underground water (purification); water is the source of life for vegetation, including wood (nourishment); wood is the fuel for fire, which causes ashes, which then form earth (natural recycling). The formation of metal in earth completes the cycle. Daoism has a very recognizable symbol. It is the Yin-Yang, a circle divided in two equal parts of dark/black (Yin) and light/white (Yang). Within the dark, there is a circle of light, and within the light, there is a circle of dark. The two parts are equal because they signify the balance in the world caused by the Yin and Yang forces in all things. Each has a circle of the other to symbolize that each contains elements of the other, and that each cannot exist without the other. Sometimes, the Yin-Yang symbol will be surrounded with trigrams, or sets of three lines with breaks in various positions. Each trigram stands for a certain principle in Daoism.

Rates of Reaction :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

The rate of reaction is a measure of how fast something happens. We can find the rate of reaction by measuring the change that happens in a set period of time. Introduction ------------ The rate of reaction is a measure of how fast something happens. We can find the rate of reaction by measuring the change that happens in a set period of time. Many factors can affect the rate of reaction; the concentration of the reactants is one of them. In the following experiments we will investigate how the concentration of the reactants affect the rate of reaction. To do this we will use the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. GRAPH I will measure the rate of reaction by timing how long the reaction takes. Aim- I am trying to find out how an increase/decrease in concentration of the acid affects the rate of reaction in magnesium strips. Prediction: I predict that as the concentration of hydrochloric acid increases the time taken for the magnesium to dissolve will decrease. I also think that when the concentration of the acid doubles the rate of reaction will also double. Collision Theory: The collision theory is how the rate of reaction increases when the concentration of hydrochloric acid increases. In the reaction firstly all of the particles in the reacting substances must collide. They must collide with a certain amount of energy called activation energy, this must be reached for the reaction to take place. If the particles do not reach this required amount of energy there will not be any successful collisions and therefore the reaction will not take place. If the particles do reach the required amount of energy a reaction will rake place and as the number of collisions increase the reaction speeds up. The more concentrated the reactants the larger the number of successful collisions between the particles. This explains why the largest rate of reaction is usually as soon as the reactants have been mixed together, this means they are both at their highest concentrations. High concentration Low concentration (18cm ³ HCL + 2cm ³ H ²O) (6cm ³ HCL + 14cm ³ H ²O) The temperature in this investigation will not affect the rate of reaction because throughout the investigation it will stay at room temperature. If the temperature was to change during the experiment it would effect the rate of reaction by speeding it up if the temperature increased because the particles move a lot faster and travel a larger

Analysis of Imitiaz Dharker’s Poems

Imitiaz Dharker was born in Lahore, Pakistan in the year 1954. She is a poet, documentary film-maker and an artist. Her family moved from Lahore to Glasgow when she was less than year old. Presently she divides her time between London and Mumbai. Her other works includes Purdah and other poems (1988), Post Cards from God (1997), I speak for devil (2001), Terrorist at my table (2006), Leaving foot prints (2009). Dharker is also a documentary film-maker and has scripted and directed over a hundred films and audio-visuals, centering on education, reproductive health and shelter for women and children. In 1980 she was awarded a Silver Lotus for a short film. She is also an accomplished artist. The main themes of her poetry include home, freedom, journeys, geographical and cultural displacement, communal conflict and gender politics. Today she is considered as one of the most important contemporary poets. The theme of social exclusion can be clearly seen in both of the poems. It is also her background and her personal experience that influence her work. In her poem Minority, Imitiaz Dharker talks about the condition and the problems faced by a person who belongs to a minority. As her other notable works even in this poem her own cultural background and her personal experiences can be clearly understood. When we first see the tittle we can clearly infer that it has something to do with minority group or people belonging to minority. The tittle says it all. It is a first person narrative but it is difficult to find out the gender of the speaker. Let’s just take into account that the speaker is a female. There is a heavy use of metaphor in the poem. So the speaker says, she was born a foreigner and after that wherever she went she carried the tag of foreigner with her. These lines can be directly linked with the life of the poet herself as she was born in Lahore but soon the family shifted. So even where the speaker was born she is foreigner in that country. Further the speaker says that she went to places where her relatives stayed but, just like the roots of tubers even when the hold was deep within she felt like she was an outsider like she didn’t belong there. Everything was new to her. This is probably a reference to poets’ home country. People like to maintain a safe distance from a person who is different than them. The people who are supposed to understand the speaker are the ones who distance themselves from her just because she is a minority, isolating her culturally and socially. This people are the educated ones who are isolating her. The speaker has compared herself to a clumsily translated poem. Her life is a poem but a translated one which lacks the grace and is full of gawky moments. She doesn’t seem to fit anywhere. She can’t find a place where she can adapt because she is never given a chance to do so. Cooking food in coconut has long been a Indian tradition. To people she is like the food cooked in coconut. The mention of ghee and cream contradict each other because both of them belong to different cultures. So where people expect ghee and cream speakers’ life is like food cooked in coconut and it gives an aftertaste of neem and cardamom instead of two good items like ghee and cream. Neem and cardamom it’s bitter and people don’t like it. Whether it’s in her home country or any other country and thus makes her a minority. There comes a point when people find her language strange and don’t seem to accept her. It’s like she has landed into a trap by saying anything to the people at all. They are just waiting for their traps to work and are waiting to put her down and make her a minority on basis of her language. There is an frame fixed in the minds of people, a perfect frame which is as good as them and they view everyone through this frame but when the speakers picture comes into the frame the frame slips. Her picture is not good enough for the frame like they can’t accept someone like her, someone from the minority and that she is not good enough to be with them not good enough to be called as their own. They see someone who is not tuned with them, someone who is not like them, someone who is from a different world, someone like a ghost. For them the speaker stands out for apparently all wrong reasons and she is an outsider to them, in their midst she is an alien. So the speaker sits scratching throughout her lonely nights. It can be interpreted as she is scratching a desperate plea a message on a piece of paper. But if we infer the deeper meaning it can also mean that she is scratching because she is feeling uneasy, she is scratching over the scab of division and the label that she is a minority. She is scratching over the scab of people treating her minority over her skin colour. ‘A page doesn’t fight back’, according to me this is the most powerful line in the whole poem. By page here she is referring to a minority person like herself. The speaker hopes that whatever she has spoken so far shoots through the thick layer of stereotypes the community has set and the noise of repression of the community. So whole carrying on with this life of hers, the speaker comes across a person who is stranger to her yet there is something about the person that makes her feel like she knows him or her. The face of the person is pure and simple without any mask of stereotypes. The speaker can actually read through the persons face and his or her outcast eyes. She comes to a realization that the person is like her a minority. She comes to a realization that she is not only the one who is an outcast, one who has no place to call home and one who is a foreigner wherever she goes. It gives speaker some hope to know that she doesn’t stand alone. The poem reflects the life of the poet herself. While she visits India people view her as a visitor and also because she is a Muslim, who come under minority in our country. On the other hand when she is in western countries people view her as an immigrant. The poem gives us an idea about the feelings of people belonging to minority. ‘They’ll say: â€Å"She must be from another country†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The poem, ‘they’ll say: â€Å"She must be from another country†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ is also written by Imitiaz Dharker. The poem is a sharp critic on various forms of exploitation that are carried in India as well as in different parts of world. The poem is about how people of the world can’t come to terms with a person who is liberal and open-minded. The poet has criticized old and traditional minds. The poem gives various indirect references to racial discrimination, state repression and curbing the right to freedom of expression. We have examples of painters like MF Husain and writers like Salman Rushdie who were opposed at different times due to their work. The poet talks about them indirectly without mentioning their names. Numerous films have been opposed just because they clash with some minds. The speaker is a female as it is clearly said in the poem and as well as the tittle. In country like India or any other country for that matter, not everything is welcomed open mindedly. Pieces of literature and art which are found to be offensive are taking down while not looking or hearing what the creator of the masterpiece wants to say about it. Whether he she really means any offence to particular religion, group of people and if he or she wants to hurt any sentiments. There are some traditional and orthodox minds that do not seem to respect freedom of expression. In today’s ever changing and modern world lines like right to freedom of speech and expression are only to say but in reality this things are not welcomed. Certain anti-social minds think they are protecting their identity or uplifting the interests of their religion or community. But this is not true. They are just not bold enough to take whatever falls on their ears even if it is the truth. So as the speaker says books are burned and paintings are taken down. Just because the thoughts expressed in those pieces of work clash with the orthodox thinking. Sometimes even the educated minds do this. Of course all are open to say whatever they want but I think it can be done in a better way other than taking down the books and the paintings. This people aren’t mature enough to accept ideas which come across them. We have numerous examples of books which have been banned. They condemn the pieces of master pieces to dust when a particular piece of art is found disturbing. Art is expressed in different ways. Every artist has his or her own style of expressing their ideas on a paper. Not all naked pictures of Gods and Goddesses are painted to tarnish a particular religion. We need to look through the artist’s eye to understand them to understand the beauty of it. Burning the work isn’t going to help. There are cases in our country when artists were forced to leave the country. Whenever this happens we lose these valuable masterminds. Then the speaker also talks about films which are banned. Whenever films are released on controversial topics, there are people who oppose their screening and in most of the cases even stop them from getting screened. They vandalize the cinema houses and destroy the property if their demands are not met. When the speaker questions such behavior she is told that she must be from another country. It indirectly indicates that this type of behavior is not going to stop and that it happens often. There are times when a person is criticized due to the language and accent. They point it out and explain it the way it should be spoken and they’ll say she must be from another country. The speaker further says when she walks with her head up, with dignity, commanding respect they criticize. As being a woman they expect her to keep her head down and walk as if she’s some less of the person. When the speaker wears table cloth to go to town, it means when she wears different type of clothes like stylish clothes she is condemned. Even today i8n certain places women are not allowed to wear western outfits. The speaker says there is discrimination on the basis of colour and sexual orientation of a person. If any Indian or Asian goes in western countries, they are often discriminated on the basis of their skin colour. The speaker also says that, if a person is gay then he or she is not accepted in society by the orthodox minds. Hence when they see a black person or a gay they whisper to each other that he or she doesn’t belong here. The speaker further adds about how there is a huge gap between a country like India and other western countries like the Great Britain. They find the speakers habits disgusting. Such as eating olives and spitting out the pits, peeing outside. These people belong to a sophisticated place and hence do not like such things. The mention of Bombay shows that she is clearly talking about India. The places like opera are meant for serious minded and elite class of society. So the speaker says when she yawns in opera and laughs, they do not like it. They say very sadly and with disgust that she is same as rest and does not belong here. So due to all this un-acceptance she receives everywhere, the speaker says that maybe there is a country foe all the freaks like herself. By freaks she means the liberal minded people who are considered as freaks by the orthodox minded people. This are the people who do not owe any allegiance or loyalty to the old fat fools who wear the uniform. By this she does not necessarily mean the police. It means all those people in power and influence. According to her they are the one who act like crooks and thugs and take away the rights of people when they are the ones supposed to protect the interests of people. The people with power suppress anyone who comes in their way and by doing so they break the same rules which they are supposed to abide by. Further the speaker says the country is just for namesake and to her and other people like her it doesn’t look like a country at all. There are cracks all over and people like her live behind the backs of those who rule with their cruel power. There are divisions and this is tearing up the country. So the words like national integration and universal brotherhood look good only in books and pages. The speaker has never understood this eccentric behavior and is at peace with it. She is happy that she is not associated in any way with the fat old fools and happy that she remains an alien to the customs and traditions. She readily accepts the tag of outsider. She accepts that she indeed belongs to a different country which probably doesn’t exist. A country where freedom is put down and chained in every way possible. The two poems are related to each other. In both poems the person is made to feel different and unwanted and in the end somehow in both poems the speakers have found some hope and solitude.